Delphi语言(1)

参考：

三类pascal源文件：

Unit source files (which end with the .pas extension)
Project files (which end with the .dpr extension)
Package source files (which end with the .dpk extension)：包源文件与项目文件相似,但用于构建称为包的特殊动态可链接库。

大多数程序都以program开头,为程序指定名称， uses 语句列出了与程序相关联的Unit

non-Pascal files to build applications. These files are maintained automatically by the IDE, and include

VCL form files (which have a .dfm extension on Win32)
Resource files (which end with .res)
Project options files (which end with .dof )
每个项目使用资源(.res)文件来保存应用程序的图标以及其他资源(如字符串)。默认情况下,此文件与项目(.dpr)文件具有相同的名称。
项目选项(.dof)文件包含编译器和链接器设置、搜索路径信息、版本信息等。每个项目都有一个与项目(.dpr)文件名称相同的项目选项文件。通常,此文件中的选项由项目选项对话框设置。
IDE 中的各种工具将数据存储在其他类型的文件中。桌面设置(.dsk)文件包含有关窗口安排和其他配置选项的信息;桌面设置可以是项目特定或全环境的。这些文件对编译没有直接影响。

每个表单文件代表一个表单,通常对应一个窗口或一个对话框。每个项目至少有一个表单,每个表单都有一个关联的单元(.pas)文件,默认情况下该文件与表单文件具有相同的名称。

编译器生成的文件：

the compiler produces a compiled unit file (.dcu on Win32) for each new unit used in your project;
all the .dcu files in your project are then linked to create a single executable or shared package.
The first time you build a package, the compiler produces a file for each new unit contained in the package, and then creates both a .dcp and a package file.
If you use the GD compiler switch, the linker generates a map file and a .drc file; the .drc file, which contains string resources, can be compiled into a resource file.

示例程序： helloworld.pas

 program Greeting;

 {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

 var
   MyMessage: string;

 begin
   MyMessage := 'Hello world!你好世界';
   Writeln(MyMessage);
 end.

windows程序编译器：dcc32，dcc64
Writeln is defined implicitly in the System unit, which the compiler automatically includes in every application.
解决输出中中文乱码问题：源码存为GBK/GB18030

helloworld.pas

 program Greeting;

 {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

 uses
   Unit1;

 begin
   PrintMessage('Hello World!你好世界！');
 end.

Unit1.pas (文件名必須和uses相同 Unit1.pas:)

unit Unit1;

 interface

 procedure PrintMessage(msg: string);

 implementation

 procedure PrintMessage(msg: string);
 begin
    Writeln(msg);
 end;

 end.

PrintMessage is declared twice in Unit1.
- The first declaration, under the reserved word interface, makes PrintMessage available to other modules (such as greeting) that use Unit1.
- The second declaration, under the reserved word implementation, actually defines PrintMessage.

自动生成，使用了类和对象，修改项目文件名 Project1.dproj 为 helloworld.dproj，其他文件名会自动修改。

helloworld.dpr

program helloworld;

uses
  Vcl.Forms,
  Unit1 in 'Unit1.pas' {Form1};

{$R *.res}

begin
  Application.Initialize;
  Application.MainFormOnTaskbar := True;
  Application.CreateForm(TForm1, Form1);
  Application.Run;
end.

units: Forms, which is part of VCL;
Unit1, which is associated with the application's main form (Form1);
object named Application, which is an instance of the Vcl.Forms.TApplication class defined in the Forms unit. (Every project has an automatically generated Application object.)
Vcl.Forms.TApplication method named CreateForm. The call to CreateForm creates Form1, an instance of the TForm1 class defined in Unit1.

Unit1.pas

unit Unit1;

interface

uses
  Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
  Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls, Vcl.Buttons;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    Button1: TButton;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
ShowMessage('helloworld!你好世界！');
end;

end.

Unit1 creates a class named TForm1 (derived from Vcl.Forms.TForm) and an instance of this class Form1.
The TForm1 class includes a button -- Button1, an instance of Vcl.StdCtrls.TButton -- and a procedure named Button1Click that is called when the user presses Button1.
Button1Click call procedure TForm1.Button1Click

安装free pascal： https://www.freepascal.org/
安装vscode 插件： Pascal，Pascal Formatter，安装 Pascal Language Basics，Object Pascal Syntax Highlighter
Pascal Formatter设置：文件，首选项，设置，扩展，Pascal Formatter
- 引擎：ptop
- 路径：C:\\FPC\\3.2.2\\bin\\i386-win32\\ptop.exe
- 配置文件路径： C:\\FPC\\3.2.2\\bin\\i386-win32\\ptop.cfg

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科技爱好者周刊（第 375 期）：一扇门的 Bug

Delphi语言(1)

源文件

示例程序

单文件

调用单元文件的例子

VCL示例

代码格式化